Sorry. Your signature says MySQL 5.6.34.
The growth in the table should not affect transaction locks as long as all of your tables are using INNODB. INNODB performs locks on a row by row basis. The table size is irrelevant. If you are using MYISAM tables anywhere except for the language, phrase, and usertextfield tables, then you can cause TABLE level lockouts which will break transactions. TABLE level lockouts get worse the larger the table is. Since the cache and cacheevent tables are used multiple times on every single page view, this can significantly impact performance if you're using MYISAM.
The growth in the table should not affect transaction locks as long as all of your tables are using INNODB. INNODB performs locks on a row by row basis. The table size is irrelevant. If you are using MYISAM tables anywhere except for the language, phrase, and usertextfield tables, then you can cause TABLE level lockouts which will break transactions. TABLE level lockouts get worse the larger the table is. Since the cache and cacheevent tables are used multiple times on every single page view, this can significantly impact performance if you're using MYISAM.
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